![]() ![]() I won’t go into detail on how do they function in Russian, focusing exclusively on their role in Lezgi. These are vestiges of the Russian Cyrillic orthography where they are known as, respectively, ‘hard sign’ and ‘soft sign’. Now let me tell you a thing about the two modifier signs that we are left with – ъ and ь. Previously we talked a bit about the three ‘modifier’ signs present in Lezgi orthography and we breezed through the digraphs / combinations employing one of them, the ‘I’ sign aka palochka. Okay, so the time has come to take the last step. Posted in lezgi-grammar, lezgi-verbs | 1 Comment » Fortunately, as we’ve said, there’s only limited number of strong verbs. In fact, they’re unpredictable, you have to learn them by heart for every strong verb (they are affected by vowel harmony, which limits the choices, but we’ll talk about it later). ![]() ![]() Imperfective: raxaz (base + vowel: -a + Imperf ending for SV: -z)Īorist: raxana (base + vowel: -a + Aorist ending for SV: -na)Īs you can see, the thematic vowels differ both between verbs and between stems of one strong verb. Masdar: raxun (base + vowel: -u + Masdar ending for SV: -n) Imperfective: fiz (base + vowel: -i + Imperf ending for SV: -z)Īorist: fena (base + vowel: e + Aorist ending for SV: -na) Masdar: fin (base + vowel: -i + Masdar ending for SV: -n) Imperfective: kisiz (base + Imperf ending for WV: -iz)Īorist: kisna (base + Aorist ending for WV: -na) Masdar: kisun (base + Masdar ending for WV: -un) As the weak verbs have no thematic vowel they are stressed on the stem itself, which stays the same in Masdar, Imperfective and Aorist forms.Įxamples (pay close attention SV – strong verb WV – weak verb): Thematic vowel is stressed and forms the three verb stems (called Masdar, Imperfective and Aorist each of them may have a different vowel) from which all the other verbal forms are made. What is the difference between them and what consequences does it have?įor starters, the strong verbs have a thematic vowel while the weak verbs don’t. The latter are much more numerous and in fact new weak verbs can be formed any time (weak verbs are thus an open class). Lezgi verbs can be divided into two groups: so-called “strong” and “weak” verbs. I’m going to talk about Lezgi verbs in the next couple of entries, so let’s start from the basics. All I do is basically translating her work from French and putting extracts from it on the web. Yargun Lezgi is both her native dialect and the subject of her thesis. I’ll be using the information kindly provided by Ayten Babaliyeva, a Lezgi linguist now studying and working in France (m erci beaucoup!). I’ll start soon(ish) by giving a bit of our attention to Lezgi as spoken in Yargun (a Lezgi-speaking village in Northern Azerbaijan the official name of the village is actually Xazry). In other words I am willing (and going to) to publish on this blog or elsewhere all the information on Lezgi dialects that I can gather (a request directed at Lezgi speakers: please, help me if you can, by telling me about your native version of Lezgi). One of my goals for the future would be to make an attempt at addressing this situation. In my opinion, it is especially the Lezgi dialects spoken in Azerbaijan that are underresearched. The problem is that as even resources for Standard Literary Lezgi can be quite hard to come by, there’s serious shortage of information regarding the dialects. It is, thus, quite enlightening to take a look at the dialects as well. by preserving words or grammatical structures lost in standard Lezgi, or by evolving in interesting directions or…). ![]() This variety is a good thing, as each dialect may teach us a thing or two about the Lezgi language in general (eg. Sometimes those varieties differ considerably from the Standard language, and sometimes their speakers are not well-acquainted with the Standard at all. However, as with any other language, Standard Literary Lezgi is not the only form of Lezgi in existence and worthy of preservation.Īll around the Lezgi speech area, people use different varieties of Lezgi in their daily life. Elsewhere on this blog, I’ve been trying to deal with the Standard Literary Lezgi, the kind of normative language used in school instruction and in official publications (and also in books, newspapers etc.). ![]()
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